Illinois Nail Technician Practice Exam

What is a physiological function of the arrector pili muscle?

1. Regulating blood flow

2. Causing goosebumps

3. Promoting skin elasticity

4. Helping with nail growth

The correct answer is: Causing goosebumps

The arrector pili muscle is a small involuntary muscle located at the base of hair follicles. Its primary physiological function is to cause goosebumps, which occurs when the muscle contracts in response to various stimuli, such as cold temperatures or emotional responses like fear or excitement. This contraction pulls the hair upright, leading to the characteristic bumps on the skin's surface. This function has evolutionary roots, as standing hairs could create an insulating layer of air to help retain heat or make an animal appear larger to potential threats. Therefore, the mechanism behind goosebumps is a visible response that showcases how the body reacts to environmental conditions or emotional states. Understanding this physiological role of the arrector pili muscle is crucial for a nail technician, as it reflects the interconnectedness of the skin and hair follicle system, even though they primarily focus on nail care.